“千呼萬喚始出來!”
歷經(jīng)多輪審議修改的新《公司法》終于于2023年12月29日正式審議通過,并于2024年7月1日起施行。本次《公司法》修訂后共計266條,這266條法條更加規(guī)范了公司的行為,對各類市場主體的合法權(quán)益進(jìn)行了更為細(xì)致地保護(hù)。
那么新《公司法》都有哪些變化?
第一方面 公司資本方面的新變化及影響
一、出資額必須五年內(nèi)實(shí)繳到位
自2014年3月商事制度改革全面實(shí)行以來,實(shí)行注冊資本認(rèn)繳制雖然降低了“入市”的門檻,極大地激發(fā)了市場活力,但是由于股東只要認(rèn)繳注冊資本或股本即可,對于數(shù)額和期限不作要求,使得市場上出現(xiàn)了很多注冊資本非常高,出資期限較長的公司,導(dǎo)致公司資不抵債。新《公司法》第四十七條規(guī)定:有限責(zé)任公司的注冊資本為在公司登記機(jī)關(guān)登記的全體股東認(rèn)繳的出資額。全體股東認(rèn)繳的出資額由股東按照公司章程的規(guī)定自公司成立之日起五年內(nèi)繳足。此次修訂對有限公司注冊資本認(rèn)繳制作出了明確規(guī)定,強(qiáng)制規(guī)定了有限公司股東最長認(rèn)繳出資期限。有助于修正注冊資本認(rèn)繳制在使用中產(chǎn)生的弊端,促使股東投資時應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)實(shí)際資金情況設(shè)置注冊資本金,從而保障了債權(quán)人債權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的合理預(yù)期,降低交易風(fēng)險及公司經(jīng)營的不穩(wěn)定性。
二、新增股權(quán)、債權(quán)作為非貨幣財產(chǎn)的出資形式
新《公司法》第四十八條第一款規(guī)定:股東可以用貨幣出資,也可以用實(shí)物、知識產(chǎn)權(quán)、土地使用權(quán)、股權(quán)、債權(quán)等可以用貨幣估價并依法轉(zhuǎn)讓的非貨幣財產(chǎn)作價出資;但是,法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定不得作為出資的財產(chǎn)除外。新增股權(quán)、債權(quán)作為非貨幣財產(chǎn)的出資形式,但股權(quán)、債權(quán)出資屬于非貨幣財產(chǎn)出資,應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的評估程序,并辦理相應(yīng)的產(chǎn)權(quán)過戶、權(quán)利轉(zhuǎn)讓等手續(xù),出資才合法有效。此條款的修訂基于以下兩方面:第一,股權(quán)、債權(quán)均能夠以貨幣估價并可依法轉(zhuǎn)讓,符合非貨幣財產(chǎn)可用于出資之相應(yīng)法理;第二,針對司法解釋、部門規(guī)章中有關(guān)股東是否能夠以股權(quán)、債權(quán)方式出資問題的相關(guān)規(guī)定作出回應(yīng)。
三、股東拒不繳納出資的,將喪失股東權(quán)利
為鼓勵創(chuàng)業(yè),原來公司法對實(shí)繳資本年限無規(guī)定,實(shí)際中出現(xiàn)了很多“注水公司”,損害了利益相關(guān)人權(quán)益,降低了對注冊資本的信賴,新《公司法》第四十九條規(guī)定了未足額繳納出資的股東對公司的賠償責(zé)任,具體規(guī)定如下:股東應(yīng)當(dāng)按期足額繳納公司章程規(guī)定的各自所認(rèn)繳的出資額?!蓶|未按期足額繳納出資的,除應(yīng)當(dāng)向公司足額繳納外,還應(yīng)當(dāng)對給公司造成的損失承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。第五十二條規(guī)定:股東未按照公司章程規(guī)定的出資日期繳納出資,公司依照前條第一款規(guī)定發(fā)出書面催繳書催繳出資的,可以載明繳納出資的寬限期;寬限期自公司發(fā)出催繳書之日起,不得少于六十日。寬限期屆滿,股東仍未履行出資義務(wù)的,公司經(jīng)董事會決議可以向該股東發(fā)出失權(quán)通知,通知應(yīng)當(dāng)以書面形式發(fā)出。自通知發(fā)出之日起,該股東喪失其未繳納出資的股權(quán)。此規(guī)定,明確了對未足額出資的股東可以進(jìn)行除權(quán),包括表決權(quán),解決了過去對于未足額出資股東權(quán)利限制范圍的爭議;更強(qiáng)化了股東出資義務(wù)的法定性,旨在保障企業(yè)的正常經(jīng)營。
此外,新《公司法》第五十一條新增了催繳出資制度,應(yīng)當(dāng)由公司向該股東發(fā)出書面催繳書,催繳出資。未及時履行前款規(guī)定的義務(wù),給公司造成損失的,負(fù)有責(zé)任的董事應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。從立法角度明確了股東抽逃出資的責(zé)任承擔(dān)規(guī)則,對于股東抽逃出資時,給公司造成損失的,負(fù)有責(zé)任的董事、監(jiān)事、高級管理人員應(yīng)當(dāng)與該股東承擔(dān)連帶賠償責(zé)任。
四、有限責(zé)任公司的股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓無需征求其他股東同意
新《公司法》明確規(guī)定股東轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)應(yīng)當(dāng)書面通知公司變更股東名冊、變更登記。具體內(nèi)容為第八十六條第一款規(guī)定:股東轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)的,應(yīng)當(dāng)書面通知公司,請求變更股東名冊;需要辦理變更登記的,并請求公司向公司登記機(jī)關(guān)辦理變更登記。公司拒絕或者在合理期限內(nèi)不予答復(fù)的,轉(zhuǎn)讓人、受讓人可以依法向人民法院提起訴訟。第八十四條第二款僅保留了通知以及優(yōu)先購買權(quán)的規(guī)定,刪除了同意規(guī)則,也就是說股東向股東以外的人轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)的,不再需要征得其他股東的同意,只需要將出售方案書面通知其他股東,其他股東如果不行使優(yōu)先購買權(quán),視為放棄,股東可直接出售股權(quán)。當(dāng)然,公司章程可以做特別約定,股東應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守章程的約定。由于將手中認(rèn)繳的股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓給缺乏履行能力的親屬或者其他“冤大頭”是常見的逃避債務(wù)的手段。因此新《公司法》第八十八條規(guī)定,股東轉(zhuǎn)讓已認(rèn)繳出資但未屆出資期限的股權(quán)的,由受讓人承擔(dān)繳納該出資的義務(wù);受讓人未按期足額繳納出資的,轉(zhuǎn)讓人對受讓人未按期繳納的出資承擔(dān)補(bǔ)充責(zé)任。
五、新增股份公司可發(fā)行無面額股和類別股
第八十九條新增了控股股東濫用權(quán)利,中小股東可主張公司回購股權(quán)。第一百四十四條增加了股份公司可設(shè)置轉(zhuǎn)讓受限股,明確了同股不同權(quán);第一百四十六條還規(guī)定了類別股的分類表決制度。另外第一百六十三條第一款規(guī)定了公司不得為他人取得本公司或者其母公司的股份提供贈與、借款、擔(dān)保以及其他財務(wù)資助,公司實(shí)施員工持股計劃的除外。明確了禁止對取得本公司股份的財務(wù)資助行為。此外,另一重要突破在于引入授權(quán)資本制,允許股份公司章程或股東會授權(quán)董事會在三年內(nèi)決定發(fā)行不超過已發(fā)行股份50%的股份,并要求相應(yīng)董事會決議應(yīng)經(jīng)全體董事2/3以上通過,而以非貨幣財產(chǎn)作價出資的仍應(yīng)經(jīng)股東會決議。這些在原《公司法》中并未涉及,目的在于防止實(shí)控人為股東或關(guān)聯(lián)方進(jìn)行不正當(dāng)利益輸送,防止公司不正當(dāng)影響股價。
第二方面 公司治理方面的新變化及影響
一、所有董事都可以擔(dān)任法定代表人
原《公司法》第十三條規(guī)定公司的法定代表人由董事長、執(zhí)行董事或經(jīng)理擔(dān)任,新《公司法》新增第十條第一款“公司的法定代表人按照公司章程的規(guī)定,由代表公司執(zhí)行公司事務(wù)的董事或者經(jīng)理擔(dān)任”。這將意味著除了董事長,其他參與執(zhí)行公司事務(wù)的董事也可以做法定代表人。同時新《公司法》規(guī)定如果擔(dān)任法定代表人的董事或經(jīng)理離職的,則視為同時辭去法定代表人,公司應(yīng)當(dāng)法定代表人辭任之日起三十日內(nèi)確定新的法定代表人。此條規(guī)定可以解決實(shí)務(wù)中,法定代表人辭任后公司不配合變更法定代表人導(dǎo)致法定代表人仍需要對外承擔(dān)法定代表人的責(zé)任的問題。
二、法定代表人不再是天然的第一責(zé)任人
眾所周知,以前的法定代表人就是背鍋俠,在之前的《公司法》中,沒有對法定代表人執(zhí)行公司事務(wù)的行為進(jìn)行責(zé)任界定,導(dǎo)致很多公司實(shí)控人老板自己則躲在背后,掌握著公司的實(shí)際權(quán)力,而法定代表人擋在了前面承擔(dān)主要責(zé)任。新《公司法》的頒布,擴(kuò)大了法定代表人的選任范圍及明確其經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任,法定代表人代表公司對外簽約,代表公司參加仲裁、訴訟等,對內(nèi)可享有公司部分業(yè)務(wù)執(zhí)行權(quán)。第十一條第一款明確規(guī)定:法定代表人以公司的名義從事的民事活動,其法律后果由公司承受。第三款規(guī)定:法定代表人因執(zhí)行職務(wù)造成他人損害的,由公司承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。比如之前公司如果有走私、洗錢、貸款欺詐、證券欺詐等行為,實(shí)際指使人其實(shí)都是幕后的實(shí)控人老板,得好處的也是躲在幕后的實(shí)控人老板,而承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任的卻是站在前面代表公司簽字蓋章并執(zhí)行事務(wù)的法定代表人。但現(xiàn)在的規(guī)定讓幕后老板無處遁形。不過需要注意的是,雖然法定代表人不再承擔(dān)無限連帶責(zé)任,但新《公司法》還規(guī)定了,公司承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任后,依照法律或者公司章程的規(guī)定,可以向有過錯的法定代表人追償。此規(guī)定進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化公司法定代表人的責(zé)任,防止法定代表人濫用職權(quán),損害公司和股東利益,因此法定代表人仍然需要依法履行其職責(zé),保證公司行為的合法性和規(guī)范性。如果法定代表人在執(zhí)行公司事務(wù)中存在違法行為或不當(dāng)行為,仍需要承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的法律責(zé)任。
三、引入單層公司治理架構(gòu)
原《公司法》規(guī)定了股東會、董事會和監(jiān)事會的雙層治理結(jié)構(gòu),但是實(shí)踐中監(jiān)事會的監(jiān)督作用往往形同虛設(shè),據(jù)此,新《公司法》第一百二十一條規(guī)定了,股份有限公司可以按照公司章程的規(guī)定在董事會中設(shè)置由董事組成的審計委員會,行使本法規(guī)定的監(jiān)事會的職權(quán),不設(shè)監(jiān)事會或者監(jiān)事。同時,新《公司法》簡化了公司治理結(jié)構(gòu),賦予公司可以在章程中自行選擇公司的治理結(jié)構(gòu),不論是單層制、雙層制還是混合制都可以自行約定。但需要注意的是,如公司為單層治理架構(gòu),則審計委員會行使監(jiān)事會的職權(quán);如公司為混合制治理架構(gòu),則審計委員會的職權(quán)則需要在公司章程中進(jìn)行設(shè)定。
四、完善股東知情權(quán)范圍
股東的查賬權(quán)是股東知情權(quán)的前提,也是行使股東的必要程序,尤其對小股東來說,因?yàn)楣拘畔⒉粚ΨQ,其權(quán)利往往受到損害而救濟(jì)無門。新《公司法》第五十七條第二款規(guī)定:股東可以要求查閱公司會計賬簿、會計憑證。股東要求查閱公司會計賬簿、會計憑證的,應(yīng)當(dāng)向公司提出書面請求,說明目的。公司有合理根據(jù)認(rèn)為股東查閱會計賬簿、會計憑證有不正當(dāng)目的,可能損害公司合法利益的,可以拒絕提供查閱,并應(yīng)當(dāng)自股東提出書面請求之日起十五日內(nèi)書面答復(fù)股東并說明理由。公司拒絕提供查閱的,股東可以向人民法院提起訴訟。股東查閱前款規(guī)定的材料,可以委托會計師事務(wù)所、律師事務(wù)所等中介機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行。在司法實(shí)踐和司法解釋的基礎(chǔ)上,確立了較為完整、操作性強(qiáng)的知情權(quán)制度,一來解除了對知情權(quán)的行使對象,不管持股比例如何,均可行使知情權(quán);二來擴(kuò)大了知情權(quán)的行使范圍,對股東有權(quán)查閱、復(fù)制的資料范圍增加了股東名冊,查閱的資料范圍增加了會計憑證,同時在規(guī)定股東對公司章程、股東名冊等相關(guān)資料享有查閱權(quán)的基礎(chǔ)上,增加了股東對該等資料的復(fù)制權(quán)。
五、強(qiáng)化董監(jiān)高的責(zé)任與義務(wù)
首先,新《公司法》細(xì)化了有關(guān)忠實(shí)義務(wù)在“關(guān)聯(lián)交易”“謀求商業(yè)機(jī)會”及“同業(yè)競爭”這三個場景下的具體規(guī)定。在關(guān)聯(lián)交易時,新《公司法》第一百八十二條增加了監(jiān)事作為與公司進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)交易的限制對象,規(guī)定董監(jiān)高應(yīng)對關(guān)聯(lián)交易進(jìn)行報告等信息披露義務(wù);就禁止謀取公司商業(yè)機(jī)會,第一百八十三條規(guī)定,董事、監(jiān)事、高級管理人員,不得利用職務(wù)便利為自己或者他人謀取屬于公司的商業(yè)機(jī)會。并完善了同業(yè)競爭的規(guī)定。其次,針對控股股東、實(shí)際控制人的責(zé)任強(qiáng)化,增加規(guī)定公司控股股東、實(shí)際控制人雖不擔(dān)任公司董事但實(shí)際執(zhí)行公司事務(wù)的,也應(yīng)負(fù)有董監(jiān)高的忠實(shí)、勤勉義務(wù),強(qiáng)化了對控股股東和實(shí)際控制人的約束;并同時明確了忠實(shí)勤勉義務(wù)的具體含義,忠實(shí)義務(wù)指的是不得利用職權(quán)謀取不正當(dāng)利益;勤勉義務(wù)指的是執(zhí)行職務(wù)應(yīng)當(dāng)為公司的最大利益盡到管理者通常應(yīng)有的合理注意。最后,將清算義務(wù)人由原先的股東轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槎隆V饕菍?shí)務(wù)中小股東往往不管理公司,也不掌握財務(wù)信息,因此都成了“冤大頭”。而董事通常對公司的經(jīng)營管理情況更熟悉,掌握公司的經(jīng)營權(quán)并了解財務(wù)狀況,因此就把清算責(zé)任轉(zhuǎn)到了董事身上更為合理。
此次修訂強(qiáng)化了董事、監(jiān)事、高級管理人員的責(zé)任,加強(qiáng)了股東權(quán)利保護(hù),強(qiáng)化股東知情權(quán),因此也建議財務(wù)相關(guān)人員了解最新的《公司法》變動,結(jié)合自身的實(shí)際情況,降低新法生效后的違規(guī)風(fēng)險。
香港嶺南大學(xué)一年制碩士項(xiàng)目認(rèn)可度高。如香港嶺南大學(xué)會計學(xué)碩士,一年學(xué)習(xí)即可獲取會計學(xué)深造文憑及會計學(xué)碩士證書。
香港嶺南大學(xué)會計學(xué)碩士(MAcc)課程糅合了中西課程特色,理論與實(shí)踐并重。為期一年的全日制會計學(xué)碩士課程,除了教授學(xué)員會計理論、審計、稅務(wù)等行業(yè)必修課,助他們?yōu)槿蘸罂既I(yè)會計師資格做充分準(zhǔn)備外,亦致力培育學(xué)員的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)及其他商業(yè)軟技能,使他們能做全方位的事業(yè)發(fā)展。
持有認(rèn)可大學(xué)的學(xué)士學(xué)位;或具有其他同等學(xué)歷(視乎申請者情況作個別考慮);
如申請者并非持有本港大學(xué)頒授的學(xué)位或于非英語教學(xué)的大學(xué)取得學(xué)位,須通過以下任一考試,且不低于所要求的分?jǐn)?shù):
托福:不低于550分(紙考)或79分(網(wǎng)考);或
雅思(學(xué)術(shù)類):不低于6.5分。
持有同等資格者,本課程將因應(yīng)個別情況作考慮。
申請費(fèi):400元港幣
申請方法:學(xué)校官網(wǎng)線上申請
必修科目(7科,共21學(xué)分)
ACT501 Auditing(3學(xué)分)
ACT502 Business and Company Law(3學(xué)分)
ACT503 Cost and Management Accounting(3學(xué)分)
ACT504 Financial Accounting and Reporting(3學(xué)分)
ACT505 Hong Kong Taxation and Tax Planning(3學(xué)分)
ACT506 Managerial Finance(3學(xué)分)
ACT601 Accounting Theory(3學(xué)分)
學(xué)生于第一學(xué)期完成6個必修科目(共18學(xué)分),總平均成績積點(diǎn)達(dá)到2.67或以上,可獲取會計學(xué)深造文憑(Postgraduate Diploma in Accountancy(PGDA))。擁有該文憑的學(xué)生具備注冊報考香港會計師公會(HKICPA)專業(yè)資格課程(Qualification Programme or QP)的資格,但注冊結(jié)果由香港會計師公會作最終決定。
選修科目(選修以下任何4科)
ACT602 Research Project in Accounting(3學(xué)分)
ACT604 China Taxation:An International Perspective(3學(xué)分)
ACT605 Contemporary Issues in Management Accounting(3學(xué)分)
ACT606 Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination(3學(xué)分)
ACT607 Financial Statement Interpretation and Analysis(3學(xué)分)
ACT608 The Economic Law of China(3學(xué)分)
ACT609 Advanced Auditing(3學(xué)分)
ACT610 Accounting Ethics and Corporate Governance(3學(xué)分)
ACT611 Comparative Legal Systems(3學(xué)分)
ACT612 Data Analytics for Accounting(3學(xué)分)
ACT613 Environment,Social and Governance(ESG)Issues in Business and Accounting(3學(xué)分)
ACT614 Financial Regulatory Environments of Hong Kong and Mainland China(3學(xué)分)
FIN545 Environmental Social and Governance(ESG)Investing and Sustainable Finance(3學(xué)分)
?需完成11個學(xué)科(包括7個必修科目及4個選修科目)及最少取得共33學(xué)分
?總平均成績積點(diǎn)達(dá)到2.67或以上
?符合畢業(yè)要求的學(xué)生,將獲授予會計學(xué)碩士學(xué)位
?學(xué)生于第一學(xué)期完成6個必修科目(共18學(xué)分),總平均成績積點(diǎn)達(dá)到2.67或以上,可獲取會計學(xué)深造文憑(Postgraduate Diploma in Accountancy(PGDA))。
在備考ACCA過程中,做題同樣也是一個必不可少的重要環(huán)節(jié),尤其對于歷年的真題考生一定要做到舉一反三,下面會計網(wǎng)給大家?guī)黻P(guān)于MA科目幾道經(jīng)典例題,并針對相關(guān)高頻考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)講解。
第一題
A company has the following budgeted costs and revenues:($ per unit)
Sales price 50
Variable production cost 18
Fixed production cost 10
In the most recent period, 2,000 units were produced and 1,000 units were sold. Actual sales price, variable production cost per unit and total fixed production costs were all as budgeted. Fixed production costs were over-absorbed by $4,000. There was no opening inventory for the period.
What would be the reduction in profit for the period if the company has used marginal costing rather than absorption costing?
A. 4,000
B. 6,000
C. 10,000
D. 14,000
答案:C
解析:考察AC和MC下利潤調(diào)整公式AC=MC+OAR*(Closing inventory-Opening inventory); Opening inventory + Production-Sales = Closing inventory;
得出Closing inventory- Opening inventory= Production-Sales=2000-1000=1000;最終AC-MC= OAR*(Closing inventory-Opening inventory)=10*1000=10000。MC= AC-OAR*(Closing inventory-Opening inventory)=26000-10*1000=16000
第二題
The following data relates to a company’s overhead cost.
Using the high low technique, what is the variable cost per unit (to the nearest $ 0.01) expressed in current year price?
A. $3.22
B. $4.13
C. $4.65
D. $5.06
答案:B
解析:將兩年前的Overhead costs調(diào)整到現(xiàn)在的價格水平下,即=3700*(155/121)=4739.67。高低點(diǎn)求出y=a+bx中的b,即=(13000-4739.67)/(3000-1000)=4.13
第三題
An investment centre earns a return on investment of 18% and a residual income of $300000. The cost of capital is 15%. A new project offers a return on capital employed of 17%.
If the new project were adopted, what would happen to the investment centre’s return on investment and residual income?
Return on investment Residual income
A Increase Decrease
B Increase Decrease
C Decrease Decrease
D Decrease Increase
答案:D
解析:新項(xiàng)目的ROCE 17%<投資中心的ROCE 18%,則投資新項(xiàng)目會造成投資中心部門整體ROCE的下降;但新項(xiàng)目的ROCE 17%>The cost of capital 15%;RI=Controllable profit-Controllable interest=Capital employed*17%- Capital employed*15%>0;則投資新項(xiàng)目會造成投資中心部門整體RI的上升。
第四題
A company calculates the following under a standard absorption costing system.
(i) The sales volume margin variance
(ii) The total fixed overhead variance
(iii) The total variable overhead variance
If a company changed to a standard marginal costing system, which variances could change in value?
A. (i) only
B. (ii) only
C. (i) and (ii) only
D. (i), (ii) and (iii)
答案:C
解析:(i)在AC下是Sales volume profit variance,在MC下是Sales volume contribution variance;(ii)在AC下是等于Fixed OH expenditure variance加上Fixed OH volume variance,在MC下只有Fixed OH expenditure variance。
來源:ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
在ACCA考試當(dāng)中,MA科目有不少計算考題會難倒很多考生,對此會計網(wǎng)今天為大家?guī)碛嘘P(guān)MA科目幾道經(jīng)典考題,各位考生在作答完后可以看看答案解析進(jìn)行加以理解。
第一題
A company has the following budgeted costs and revenues:($ per unit)
Sales price 50
Variable production cost 18
Fixed production cost 10
In the most recent period, 2,000 units were produced and 1,000 units were sold. Actual sales price, variable production cost per unit and total fixed production costs were all as budgeted. Fixed production costs were over-absorbed by $4,000. There was no opening inventory for the period.
What would be the reduction in profit for the period if the company has used marginal costing rather than absorption costing?
A. 4,000
B. 6,000
C. 10,000
D. 14,000
答案:C
解析:考察AC和MC下利潤調(diào)整公式AC=MC+OAR*(Closing inventory-Opening inventory); Opening inventory + Production-Sales = Closing inventory;
得出Closing inventory- Opening inventory= Production-Sales=2000-1000=1000;最終AC-MC= OAR*(Closing inventory-Opening inventory)=10*1000=10000。MC= AC-OAR*(Closing inventory-Opening inventory)=26000-10*1000=16000
第二題
The following data relates to a company’s overhead cost.
Using the high low technique, what is the variable cost per unit (to the nearest $ 0.01) expressed in current year price?
A. $3.22
B. $4.13
C. $4.65
D. $5.06
答案:B
解析:將兩年前的Overhead costs調(diào)整到現(xiàn)在的價格水平下,即=3700*(155/121)=4739.67。高低點(diǎn)求出y=a+bx中的b,即=(13000-4739.67)/(3000-1000)=4.13
第三題
An investment centre earns a return on investment of 18% and a residual income of $300000. The cost of capital is 15%. A new project offers a return on capital employed of 17%.
If the new project were adopted, what would happen to the investment centre’s return on investment and residual income?
Return on investment Residual income
A Increase Decrease
B Increase Decrease
C Decrease Decrease
D Decrease Increase
答案:D
解析:新項(xiàng)目的ROCE 17%<投資中心的ROCE 18%,則投資新項(xiàng)目會造成投資中心部門整體ROCE的下降;但新項(xiàng)目的ROCE 17%>The cost of capital 15%;RI=Controllable profit-Controllable interest=Capital employed*17%- Capital employed*15%>0;則投資新項(xiàng)目會造成投資中心部門整體RI的上升。
第四題
A company calculates the following under a standard absorption costing system.
(i) The sales volume margin variance
(ii) The total fixed overhead variance
(iii) The total variable overhead variance
If a company changed to a standard marginal costing system, which variances could change in value?
A. (i) only
B. (ii) only
C. (i) and (ii) only
D. (i), (ii) and (iii)
答案:C
解析:(i)在AC下是Sales volume profit variance,在MC下是Sales volume contribution variance;(ii)在AC下是等于Fixed OH expenditure variance加上Fixed OH volume variance,在MC下只有Fixed OH expenditure variance。
來源:ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
ACCA考試的LW《公司法與商法》與FR《財務(wù)報告》,AA《審計與認(rèn)證業(yè)務(wù)》都有著一定的聯(lián)系。考試內(nèi)容涵蓋財務(wù)會計,財務(wù)信息,復(fù)式記賬法,會計系統(tǒng),試算平衡表,業(yè)務(wù)交易,會計事項(xiàng)的記錄以及合并報表基礎(chǔ)知識等。
(點(diǎn)擊咨詢,專業(yè)老師1V1指導(dǎo))
學(xué)習(xí)掌握:識別法律體系的基本要素,包括法律的主要淵源;識別并運(yùn)用與《債權(quán)法》有關(guān)的法律規(guī)則;理解并運(yùn)用與雇傭有關(guān)的法律;區(qū)別不同的商業(yè)組織形式和組織結(jié)構(gòu);識別和比較資本類型和公司融資;描述并解釋公司是如何管理、行政和規(guī)章的;認(rèn)識與破產(chǎn)法有關(guān)的法律影響;了解公司欺詐和犯罪行為。
學(xué)習(xí)建議:考試覆蓋面相對較廣,覆蓋所有章節(jié),相對而言,合同法和公司法較為重要。LW一部分的考題,是以案例的形式進(jìn)行出題,如:合同法、侵權(quán)法、合伙企業(yè)、公司董事職責(zé)等內(nèi)容,需要通過對老師講義中的例子有很好的理解,從而有助于理解考題中的案例。另一部分的考試內(nèi)容是需要記憶的,因此對講義中的內(nèi)容需要有很好的掌握,并且對相關(guān)條款需要十分清楚。
考試時間:2小時(機(jī)考)
考試分值:
A部分一一25個單選題(每題2分,共計50分),20個單選題(每題1分,共計20分)
B部分一一情景為基礎(chǔ)的5道多任務(wù)題(每題6分,共計30分)
及格分?jǐn)?shù)線:50分
課程難度:☆☆
時間花費(fèi):☆☆☆
近期全球通過率:
選擇題答題技巧:
1.仔細(xì)閱讀考官提問
2.回答之前先思考,不要著急選擇答案
3.如果不確定答案選項(xiàng),請用排除法尋找正確答案
4.即使有的題不確定答案,也要回答全部的題
多任務(wù)題答題技巧:
1.閱讀該場景,確保理解大概意思
2.仔細(xì)閱讀考官問題
3.回答之前先思考,不要著急選擇答案
4.即使有的題不確定答案,也要回答全部的題
5.盡可能按照考試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答題,就像平時的測試卷和樣本考試一樣
在一些規(guī)模較小的單位,公司為了節(jié)約成本以及工作便利可能會一人多崗。那么公司法人可否兼任財務(wù)負(fù)責(zé)人呢?相信很多小伙伴們還不太清楚,會計網(wǎng)為大家整理了相關(guān)內(nèi)容,一起來學(xué)習(xí)吧。
公司法人可以做財務(wù)負(fù)責(zé)人嗎?
對于一般企業(yè)
對于非國家機(jī)關(guān)、國有企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位來說,法律是沒有明確禁止的,因此公司法人可以同時兼任財務(wù)負(fù)責(zé)人。規(guī)模較小的公司,往往其法定代表人、財務(wù)負(fù)責(zé)人等都是同時由一位自然人擔(dān)任,也就是我們說的“一人公司”。
對于國家機(jī)關(guān)、國有企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位
對于國家機(jī)關(guān)、國有企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位的要求就比較嚴(yán)格了,法人本人以及直系親屬都不能夠擔(dān)任本單位的財務(wù)負(fù)責(zé)人。
根據(jù)《會計基礎(chǔ)工作規(guī)范》第十六條 國家機(jī)關(guān)、國有企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位任用會計人員應(yīng)當(dāng)實(shí)行回避制度。 單位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的直系親屬不得擔(dān)任本單位的會計機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)人、會計主管人員。會計機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)人、會計主管人員的直系親屬不得在本單位會計機(jī)構(gòu)中擔(dān)任出納工作。 需要回避的直系親屬為:夫妻關(guān)系、直系血親關(guān)系、三代以內(nèi)旁系血親以及配偶親關(guān)系。
雖然法規(guī)沒有明確說明法人不能擔(dān)任,但根據(jù)“舉輕以明重”可以得知,對于法人本人也是禁止的。
對于這類問題,究其根本還是企業(yè)的性質(zhì)所決定,對于國有企業(yè)來說,因?yàn)樗袡?quán)在國家手中,因此對于這種情況時嚴(yán)厲禁止的,但是對于私企來說就不存在這類問題。
上述就是本期會計網(wǎng)對關(guān)于企業(yè)法人可否兼任財務(wù)負(fù)責(zé)人的全部內(nèi)容了,相信大家看完后都能明白。想要學(xué)習(xí)更多的會計知識,請繼續(xù)關(guān)注會計網(wǎng)。
CFO EVA,LIFO,FIFO,do these professional terms of accounting and finance still seem like a foreign language to you?Can you eliminate the mystery behind the numbers of the financial statements?Or,how would you utilize those financial concepts to become a greater asset to your company?
As a business executive,you experience the tide of global change in ways few others do.And you know that to manage this tide,which will only intensify in the years ahead,you need a foundation that is at once timeless and flexible.Higher position means greater responsibility where understanding and talking the language of finance becomes a significant part of the job,executives at all levels need to be adequately equipped.
Finance and Accounting for the Non-Financial Manager teaches the basics of financial reports,as well as the fundamentals of business valuation and the creation of shareholder value.The course begins by describing the accounting process and the creation of financial statement,meanwhile,reveals the company’s operation and finance truth behind the data.Once knowing how to read financial statements will be invaluable throughout your career,in analyzing business opportunities,assessing financial risks,communicating your ideas to others,and dealing with the real business situations.
Breakthrough the language of finance
Understanding the basic accounting model and its limitations
Analyzing and interpreting financial statements within the context of industry analysis and macroeconomic fundamentals
Mastering forecasting techniques
Providing rigorous tools and approaches to measure the effectiveness of your expenditures
Clarifying financial statements and their relationship to strategic decisions
Communicating more effectively with financial managers and accountants
Understanding different valuation techniques and respective benchmarks
General Managers,Directors,Experienced Managers
Vice President and Top Executives in all respective
Business Managers,Department Heads&Managers
Sales&Marketing Managers
Accountants,Corporate Treasury Managers
Investment Professionals
Any staff with a non-financial background looking to learn the fundamentals of finance
Finance Fundamental | Management Application |
-Introduction to the Course -The role of the finance function -Working with the finance teams -How companies succeed on finance? -Accounting Information—The Language of Business -What is financial accounting? -Why Financial Accounting is necessary? -Some process,terminology and concepts -Learn how financial data is generated and reported -Users and interpretation of Financial Statements -Managers and Financial Statements -The concept of shareholder value -Demystifying Financial Statements -Components of Financial Reports:balance sheet and P&L -Use financial data to evaluate the performance of department,organization,or division -Understand how accountants measure income,and show how it is related to a balance sheet -Cost of goods sold -The accrual concept and timing adjustments -Financial statements:graphical balance sheet simulation -Revisit the Income Statement and Balance sheet in a financial perspective -Cash Flow Statement,Distinguishing income from cash flow -The shortcomings of accounting -Implications of Revenue Recognition -Know effects of fair value measurement on financial statement -Analysis of Financial Statement—Where do you find useful information? -Qualitative Characteristics of financial Information -Locate and use sources of information about business performance -How accounting information assists in decision making -Linking decisions to financial metrics -How to increase ROCE -Profitability ratios -Economic Value Added(EVA TM) -Financial Decision Making -Profitability,liquidity ratios -Managing working capital -Financial Leverage -Debt ratios -Measuring business risk -Cash management -Study of the Annual Report of a Listed Company -Case:analyzing and interpreting a listed company’s annual report -Accounting Creates Value -Functions of management accounting -Management accounting compared to financial accounting -How the use of cost information defines its focus and form -Break-even analysis:ensuring fixed costs are covered -The costing principles and avoiding costing traps -The difference between traditional cost management systems and activity-based cost management systems
| -Budgeting and Forecasting:A Must in Pricing Effectively for Profit.Selecting the Best Costing Method and the Relevant Practical Pricing Theory -Budgeting and Forecasting:Two sides of the same process -Understanding the different steps involved in the process -How to minimize the risks in assessing the hypothesis underlying the performance -The cost information for pricing and product planning -Cost based pricing:a value-added approach -Customers:an outside in pricing -Competitors:predict their price -How to price effectively for profit,evaluating pricing methods -Case Study -Capital Investment Decision:Cash is King! -Cash flow forecasts as a planning tool -EBITDA,free cash flows -The analysis of return of capital employed,payback period,and discounted cash flow -Establishing cash flow forecasts -Calculating Net Present Values,IRR -Company Valuation:Risk and Corporate Characteristics -The fundamental tools of investment appraisal -The cost of capital and WACC,and how these are determined -The sensitivity analysis:how sensitive are key decision to potential changes in circumstances -Approaches to valuation -Capital Markets,Investment Banking and Financial Instruments:How to Face Your Long-term Financing Issues and More? -An introduction to capital markets -Different forms of financing(long term,short term) -Debt versus Equity -Gearing and beta factors -Capital Asset Pricing Models -Tax shields -Investing in China through Mergers or Acquisitions:Financial Business Practices and Managing the Related Risks -An Overview of the M&A market in China -Understanding the valuation gap between sellers and buyers -Understanding the structuring gap by the buyer -Understanding the negotiation gap between sellers and buyers -Understanding the execution gap -Understanding the challenges of the integration gap -Taking into account the Human dimension of any merger or acquisition |
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根據(jù)官方消息,2023年CFA二級考綱最新出爐,會計網(wǎng)整理了相關(guān)考綱變動詳情,對考綱變動進(jìn)行了總結(jié),趕快跟著會計網(wǎng)看看吧~
點(diǎn)擊下方圖片????立即領(lǐng)取全套CFA備考資料,助你2023成功上岸??????
考綱變動說明
1.各科目考試權(quán)重和去年一致,沒有發(fā)生變化
2.取消了之前Reading的概念,改為了現(xiàn)在的module,從而更好地與官網(wǎng)學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)契合。
考綱變動詳情
1.考綱細(xì)則無變動的科目
固收:原來的5個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為5個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動。
道德:原來的3個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為3個Learning Module。考綱細(xì)則無變動。
衍生:原來的2個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為2個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動,僅順序有一定微調(diào)。
經(jīng)濟(jì):原來的3個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為3個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動。僅將原Reading 7 Economic growth and the investment decision的標(biāo)題變成Learning Module 2 Economic growth,考綱細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容無變動。
另類:原來的3個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為5個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動。但新考綱Module 3 LOS a-b,將原考綱k,l中對REITS的描述改為publicly traded real estate securities。
2.考綱細(xì)則刪除的科目
組合:原來的7個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為7個Learning Module。
原Reading 42 Economics and investment markets對應(yīng)的是Learning Module 5。
?其中刪除了一條考綱k describe how economic analysis is used in sector rotation strategies。
權(quán)益:原來的8個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為4個Learning Module。
?刪除Reading 21 Return concepts收益概念和Reading 22 Industry and company analysis公司和行業(yè)分析,其余部分考綱細(xì)則不變,僅考綱順序進(jìn)行了微調(diào)。
3.考綱細(xì)則新增的科目
財報:原來的6個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為7個Learning Module。
新增考綱:Financial Statement Modeling財務(wù)報表建模
全章節(jié)新增,部分內(nèi)容與2022年權(quán)益Reading 22 Industry and company analysis行業(yè)和公司分析接近。
新增考綱細(xì)則如下:
?。?)compare top-down,bottom-up,and hybrid approaches for developing inputs to equity valuation models
(2)compare“growth relative to GDP growth”and“market growth and market share”approaches to forecasting revenue
?。?)evaluate whether economies of scale are present in an industry by analyzing operating margins and sales levels
?。?)demonstrate methods to forecast cost of goods sold and operating expenses
?。?)demonstrate methods to forecast non-operating items,financing costs,and income taxes
?。?)describe approaches to balance sheet modeling
?。?)demonstrate the development of a sales-based pro forma company model
?。?)explain how behavioral factors affect analyst forecasts and recommend remedial actions for analyst biases
?。?)explain how competitive factors affect prices and costs
?。?0)evaluate the competitive position of a company based on a Porter’s five forces analysis
?。?1)explain how to forecast industry and company sales and costs when they are subject to price inflation or deflation
?。?2)evaluate the effects of technological developments on demand,selling prices,costs,and margins
?。?3)explain considerations in the choice of an explicit forecast horizon
?。?4)explain an analyst’s choices in developing projections beyond the short-term forecast horizon
數(shù)量:原來的5個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為7個Learning Module。
?刪除原Reading 1 Introduction to linear regression一元線性回歸內(nèi)容下放到一級數(shù)量中的最后一個模塊。
原Reading 2 Multiple regression多元回歸內(nèi)容拆分成4個模塊module 1-module 4。
與原Reading 2考綱細(xì)節(jié)做比對,考綱的順序、表示和知識點(diǎn)都有較大變化,部分考綱進(jìn)行了拆分,變化結(jié)果如下:
?考綱刪除3條:
?。?)formulate a null and an alternative hypothesis about the population value of.a regression coefficient,calculate the value of the test statistic,and determine whether to reject the null hypothesis at a given level of significance;
?。?)interpret the results of hypothesis tests of regression coefficients;
?。?)evaluate and interpret a multiple regression model and its results.
考綱新增2條:
?。?)describe the types of investment problems addressed by multiple linear regression and the regression process
(2)describe influence analysis and methods of detecting influential data points
原Reading 4對應(yīng)的是module 6。其中新增了一條考綱f describe supervised machine learning,unsupervised machine learning,and deep learning.
公司金融:考綱變動最大的科目。原來的5個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為4個Learning Module。
?刪除原Reading 15 Capital Structure資本結(jié)構(gòu)章節(jié)和Reading 19 Capital Budgeting資本預(yù)算章節(jié),精簡并下放到一級。
新增:Cost of Capital:Advanced Topics
新增考綱細(xì)則如下:
?。?)explain top-down and bottom-up factors that impact the cost of capital
?。?)Compare methods used to estimate the cost of debt.
(3)explain historical and forward-looking approaches to estimating an equity risk
premium
?。?)compare methods used to estimate the required return on equity
(5)estimate the cost of debt or required return on equity for a public company and a private company
?。?)evaluate a company’s capital structure and cost of capital relative to peers
原Reading 18 Measures and Acquisitions兼并收購章節(jié)調(diào)整為Learnings Module 4 Corporate Restructurings企業(yè)重組,章節(jié)內(nèi)容完全重寫,新增內(nèi)容為各種公司重組事件、他們的分析和納入財務(wù)模型的預(yù)測和估值。
企業(yè)重組模塊考綱細(xì)則如下:
(1)explain types of corporate restructurings and issuers’motivations for pursuing them
?。?)explain the initial evaluation of a corporate restructuring
?。?)demonstrate valuation methods for,and interpret valuations of,companies involved in corporate restructurings
?。?)demonstrate how corporate restructurings affect an issuer’s EPS,net debt to EBITDA ratio,and weighted average cost of capital
(5)evaluate corporate investment actions,including equity investments,joint ventures,and acquisitions
?。?)evaluate corporate divestment actions,including sales and spin offsevaluate cost and balance sheet restructurings
考綱變動總結(jié)
雖然CFA二級考綱中有新增的部分,但也有部分考綱被刪除,整體難度并沒有增加,所以大家也不用恐慌。
對于備考新手來說,無需太過關(guān)注之前的考綱,只需要按照新考綱去備考即可。
對于“二戰(zhàn)”考生來說,則需要關(guān)注一下組合和權(quán)益科目中刪除的考綱,避免增加學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)。此外需要特別注意:財報、數(shù)量和公金科目,尤其是變動幅度最大的公金。
最后我們還為大家準(zhǔn)備了附加驚喜????特邀請高頓研究院的老師傾力打造了《CFA金融分析師3天實(shí)戰(zhàn)營》,本次課程匯集了CFA金融思維、金融知識體系深度剖析、專業(yè)投資分析思路與估值策略、金融知識配套資料等內(nèi)容。
點(diǎn)擊下方圖片??????即可免費(fèi)報名聽課,立即解鎖Get金融英語詞匯手冊、金融英語課程、CFA練習(xí)題等更多禮包!助力大家攻破CFA考試難題,成功上岸!
本文由高頓金融分析師原創(chuàng)編輯,作者:向俊。如需引用或轉(zhuǎn)載請聯(lián)系原作者授權(quán),如有侵權(quán),請?zhí)砑游⑿盘枺篶fawx666議定處理!
2024年CFA二級考試安排如下圖所示:
(點(diǎn)擊咨詢,專業(yè)老師1V1指導(dǎo))
CFA二級報名要求
報名參加CFA二級考試,需要通過CFA一級考試。
以本科在校生身份參加CFA一級考試的考生,最早可選擇處于學(xué)士學(xué)位課程或同等項(xiàng)目畢業(yè)月份前11個月及以內(nèi)的考試窗口。例如,2025年6月畢業(yè)的四年制本科在校生,若已經(jīng)通過CFA一級考試,最早可報名大三暑假(2024年8月)的CFA二級考試。
證件要求:和一級考試一樣,報名和參加CFA考試須持有效的國際旅行護(hù)照。對于計劃在中國內(nèi)地參加CFA考試的考生,除護(hù)照之外,也可以使用中華人民共和國居民身份證進(jìn)行考試報名。
CFA二級報名費(fèi)
早鳥階段報名費(fèi):$940
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)階段報名費(fèi):$1250
其它費(fèi)用:
首次報名注冊費(fèi):$350(僅需支付一次)
紙質(zhì)版教材:$150(可自選)
電子版教材費(fèi):$49(可自選)
補(bǔ)充題庫:$299(可自選)
CFA二級考綱變動詳情
1.考綱細(xì)則無變動的科目
固收:原來的5個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為5個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動。
道德:原來的3個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為3個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動。
衍生:原來的2個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為2個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動,僅順序有一定微調(diào)。
經(jīng)濟(jì):原來的3個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為3個Learning Module。考綱細(xì)則無變動。僅將原Reading 7 Economic growth and the investment decision的標(biāo)題變成Learning Module 2 Economic growth,考綱細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容無變動。
另類:原來的3個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為5個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動。但新考綱Module 3 LOS a-b,將原考綱k,l中對REITS的描述改為publicly traded real estate securities。
2.考綱細(xì)則刪除的科目
組合:原來的7個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為7個Learning Module。
原Reading 42 Economics and investment markets對應(yīng)的是Learning Module 5。
?其中刪除了一條考綱k describe how economic analysis is used in sector rotation strategies。
權(quán)益:原來的8個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為4個Learning Module。
?刪除Reading 21 Return concepts收益概念和Reading 22 Industry and company analysis公司和行業(yè)分析,其余部分考綱細(xì)則不變,僅考綱順序進(jìn)行了微調(diào)。
3.考綱細(xì)則新增的科目
財報:原來的6個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為7個Learning Module。
新增考綱:Financial Statement Modeling財務(wù)報表建模
全章節(jié)新增,部分內(nèi)容與2022年權(quán)益Reading 22 Industry and company analysis行業(yè)和公司分析接近。
新增考綱細(xì)則如下:
?。?)compare top-down,bottom-up,and hybrid approaches for developing inputs to equity valuation models
?。?)compare“growth relative to GDP growth”and“market growth and market share”approaches to forecasting revenue
?。?)evaluate whether economies of scale are present in an industry by analyzing operating margins and sales levels
?。?)demonstrate methods to forecast cost of goods sold and operating expenses
?。?)demonstrate methods to forecast non-operating items,financing costs,and income taxes
?。?)describe approaches to balance sheet modeling
?。?)demonstrate the development of a sales-based pro forma company model
?。?)explain how behavioral factors affect analyst forecasts and recommend remedial actions for analyst biases
?。?)explain how competitive factors affect prices and costs
(10)evaluate the competitive position of a company based on a Porter’s five forces analysis
?。?1)explain how to forecast industry and company sales and costs when they are subject to price inflation or deflation
?。?2)evaluate the effects of technological developments on demand,selling prices,costs,and margins
?。?3)explain considerations in the choice of an explicit forecast horizon
?。?4)explain an analyst’s choices in developing projections beyond the short-term forecast horizon
數(shù)量:原來的5個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為7個Learning Module。
?刪除原Reading 1 Introduction to linear regression一元線性回歸內(nèi)容下放到一級數(shù)量中的最后一個模塊。
原Reading 2 Multiple regression多元回歸內(nèi)容拆分成4個模塊module 1-module 4。
與原Reading 2考綱細(xì)節(jié)做比對,考綱的順序、表示和知識點(diǎn)都有較大變化,部分考綱進(jìn)行了拆分,變化結(jié)果如下:
?考綱刪除3條:
?。?)formulate a null and an alternative hypothesis about the population value of.a regression coefficient,calculate the value of the test statistic,and determine whether to reject the null hypothesis at a given level of significance;
(2)interpret the results of hypothesis tests of regression coefficients;
?。?)evaluate and interpret a multiple regression model and its results.
??考綱新增2條:
?。?)describe the types of investment problems addressed by multiple linear regression and the regression process
(2)describe influence analysis and methods of detecting influential data points
原Reading 4對應(yīng)的是module 6。其中新增了一條考綱f describe supervised machine learning,unsupervised machine learning,and deep learning.
公司金融:考綱變動最大的科目。原來的5個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為4個Learning Module。
?刪除原Reading 15 Capital Structure資本結(jié)構(gòu)章節(jié)和Reading 19 Capital Budgeting資本預(yù)算章節(jié),精簡并下放到一級。
??新增:Cost of Capital:Advanced Topics
新增考綱細(xì)則如下:
?。?)explain top-down and bottom-up factors that impact the cost of capital
(2)Compare methods used to estimate the cost of debt.
?。?)explain historical and forward-looking approaches to estimating an equity risk
premium
(4)compare methods used to estimate the required return on equity
?。?)estimate the cost of debt or required return on equity for a public company and a private company
(6)evaluate a company’s capital structure and cost of capital relative to peers
原Reading 18 Measures and Acquisitions兼并收購章節(jié)調(diào)整為Learnings Module 4 Corporate Restructurings企業(yè)重組,章節(jié)內(nèi)容完全重寫,新增內(nèi)容為各種公司重組事件、他們的分析和納入財務(wù)模型的預(yù)測和估值。
企業(yè)重組模塊考綱細(xì)則如下:
(1)explain types of corporate restructurings and issuers’motivations for pursuing them
?。?)explain the initial evaluation of a corporate restructuring
?。?)demonstrate valuation methods for,and interpret valuations of,companies involved in corporate restructurings
?。?)demonstrate how corporate restructurings affect an issuer’s EPS,net debt to EBITDA ratio,and weighted average cost of capital
?。?)evaluate corporate investment actions,including equity investments,joint ventures,and acquisitions
(6)evaluate corporate divestment actions,including sales and spin offsevaluate cost and balance sheet restructurings
2023年CFA二級考試大綱已經(jīng)發(fā)布出來了,各科目考試權(quán)重和去年一致,雖然有新增部分,但也有部分考綱被刪除,整體難度并沒有增加,所以大家也不用恐慌。我們來看看吧。
CFA二級考綱變動說明
1. 各科目考試權(quán)重和去年一致,沒有發(fā)生變化
2. 取消了之前Reading的概念,改為了現(xiàn)在的module,從而更好地與官網(wǎng)學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)契合。
CFA二級考綱變動詳情
1. 考綱細(xì)則無變動的科目
固收:原來的5個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為5個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動。
道德:原來的3個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為3個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動。
衍生:原來的2個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為2個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動,僅順序有一定微調(diào)。
經(jīng)濟(jì):原來的3個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為3個Learning Module。考綱細(xì)則無變動。僅將原Reading 7 Economic growth and the investment decision的標(biāo)題變成Learning Module 2 Economic growth,考綱細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容無變動。
另類:原來的3個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為5個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動。但新考綱Module 3 LOS a-b,將原考綱k, l中對REITS的描述改為publicly traded real estate securities。
2. 考綱細(xì)則刪除的科目
組合:原來的7個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為7個Learning Module。
原Reading 42 Economics and investment markets對應(yīng)的是Learning Module 5。
其中刪除了一條考綱k describe how economic analysis is used in sector rotation strategies。
權(quán)益:原來的8個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為4個Learning Module。
刪除Reading 21 Return concepts收益概念和Reading 22 Industry and company analysis公司和行業(yè)分析,其余部分考綱細(xì)則不變,僅考綱順序進(jìn)行了微調(diào)。
3. 考綱細(xì)則新增的科目
財報:原來的6個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為7個Learning Module。
新增考綱:Financial Statement Modeling財務(wù)報表建模
全章節(jié)新增,部分內(nèi)容與2022年權(quán)益Reading 22 Industry and company analysis行業(yè)和公司分析接近。
新增考綱細(xì)則如下:
(1)compare top-down, bottom-up, and hybrid approaches for developing inputs to equity valuation models
(2)compare “growth relative to GDP growth” and “market growth and market share” approaches to forecasting revenue
(3)evaluate whether economies of scale are present in an industry by analyzing operating margins and sales levels
(4)demonstrate methods to forecast cost of goods sold and operating expenses
(5)demonstrate methods to forecast non-operating items, financing costs, and income taxes
(6)describe approaches to balance sheet modeling
(7)demonstrate the development of a sales-based pro forma company model
(8)explain how behavioral factors affect analyst forecasts and recommend remedial actions for analyst biases
(9)explain how competitive factors affect prices and costs
(10)evaluate the competitive position of a company based on a Porter’s five forces analysis
(11)explain how to forecast industry and company sales and costs when they are subject to price inflation or deflation
(12)evaluate the effects of technological developments on demand, selling prices, costs, and margins
(13)explain considerations in the choice of an explicit forecast horizon
(14)explain an analyst’s choices in developing projections beyond the short-term forecast horizon
數(shù)量:原來的5個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為7個Learning Module。
刪除原Reading 1 Introduction to linear regression一元線性回歸內(nèi)容下放到一級數(shù)量中的最后一個模塊。
原Reading 2 Multiple regression多元回歸內(nèi)容拆分成4個模塊module 1-module 4。
與原Reading 2考綱細(xì)節(jié)做比對,考綱的順序、表示和知識點(diǎn)都有較大變化,部分考綱進(jìn)行了拆分,變化結(jié)果如下:
考綱刪除3條:
(1)formulate a null and an alternative hypothesis about the population value of. a regression coefficient, calculate the value of the test statistic, and determine whether to reject the null hypothesis at a given level of significance;
(2)interpret the results of hypothesis tests of regression coefficients;
(3)evaluate and interpret a multiple regression model and its results.
考綱新增2條:
(1)describe the types of investment problems addressed by multiple linear regression and the regression process
(2)describe influence analysis and methods of detecting influential data points
原Reading 4對應(yīng)的是module 6。其中新增了一條考綱f describe supervised machine learning, unsupervised machine learning, and deep learning.
公司金融:考綱變動最大的科目。原來的5個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為4個Learning Module。
刪除原Reading 15 Capital Structure資本結(jié)構(gòu)章節(jié)和Reading 19 Capital Budgeting資本預(yù)算章節(jié),精簡并下放到一級。
新增:Cost of Capital: Advanced Topics
新增考綱細(xì)則如下:
(1)explain top-down and bottom-up factors that impact the cost of capital
(2)Compare methods used to estimate the cost of debt.
(3)explain historical and forward-looking approaches to estimating an equity risk
premium
(4)compare methods used to estimate the required return on equity
(5)estimate the cost of debt or required return on equity for a public company and a private company
(6)evaluate a company’s capital structure and cost of capital relative to peers
原Reading 18 Measures and Acquisitions兼并收購章節(jié)調(diào)整為Learnings Module 4 Corporate Restructurings企業(yè)重組,章節(jié)內(nèi)容完全重寫,新增內(nèi)容為各種公司重組事件、他們的分析和納入財務(wù)模型的預(yù)測和估值。
企業(yè)重組模塊考綱細(xì)則如下:
(1)explain types of corporate restructurings and issuers’ motivations for pursuing them
(2)explain the initial evaluation of a corporate restructuring
(3)demonstrate valuation methods for, and interpret valuations of, companies involved in corporate restructurings
(4)demonstrate how corporate restructurings affect an issuer’s EPS, net debt to EBITDA ratio, and weighted average cost of capital
(5)evaluate corporate investment actions, including equity investments, joint ventures, and acquisitions
(6)evaluate corporate divestment actions, including sales and spin offsevaluate cost and balance sheet restructurings
CFA二級考綱變動總結(jié)
雖然CFA二級考綱中有新增的部分,但也有部分考綱被刪除,整體難度并沒有增加,所以大家也不用恐慌。
對于備考新手來說,無需太過關(guān)注之前的考綱,只需要按照新考綱去備考即可。
對于“二戰(zhàn)”考生來說,則需要關(guān)注一下組合和權(quán)益科目中刪除的考綱,避免增加學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)。此外需要特別注意:財報、數(shù)量和公金科目,尤其是變動幅度最大的公金。
本文由高頓金融分析師原創(chuàng)編輯,作者:向俊。
企業(yè)在經(jīng)營過程中資金緊缺時,可以向銀行借款,也可以向其他個人借款,當(dāng)公司向公司法人借款時,通常計入“其他應(yīng)付款”科目進(jìn)行核算,相關(guān)的賬務(wù)處理如何進(jìn)行?
公司法人借款給公司用的會計分錄
向企業(yè)法人借款,屬公司內(nèi)部往來賬:
借:銀行存款/庫存現(xiàn)金
貸:其他應(yīng)付款/其他應(yīng)收款——企業(yè)法人姓名
庫存現(xiàn)金是什么?
庫存現(xiàn)金是存放于企業(yè)并由專人保管作為企業(yè)零星開支使用的貨幣資金,它是流動性最強(qiáng)的資產(chǎn),可以立即投人流通的交換媒介,具有普遍的可接受性,庫存現(xiàn)金可以用其隨時購買所需物資、支付費(fèi)用、償還債務(wù)、存人銀行等。
庫存現(xiàn)金的范圍通常有兩種理解,即廣義的庫存現(xiàn)金和狹義的庫存現(xiàn)金。狹義的庫存現(xiàn)金僅指企業(yè)的庫存現(xiàn)金;廣義的庫存現(xiàn)金除庫存現(xiàn)金還包括銀行存款和其他符合庫存現(xiàn)金定義的票證,如支票、本票、匯票等。
企業(yè)應(yīng)設(shè)置“庫存現(xiàn)金”來核算企業(yè)的庫存現(xiàn)金,企業(yè)有內(nèi)部周轉(zhuǎn)使用備用金的,可以單獨(dú)設(shè)置“備用金”科目。企業(yè)增加庫存現(xiàn)金,借記本科目,貸記“銀行存款、其他應(yīng)付款”等科目;減少庫存現(xiàn)金做相反的會計分錄,將庫存現(xiàn)金反映在貸方。企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)設(shè)置“現(xiàn)金日記賬”,根據(jù)收付款憑證,按照業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)生順序逐筆登記。每日終了,應(yīng)當(dāng)計算當(dāng)日的現(xiàn)金收入合計額、現(xiàn)金支出合計額及結(jié)余額,將結(jié)余額與實(shí)際庫存額核對,做到賬實(shí)相符。該科目期末借方余額,反映企業(yè)持有的庫存現(xiàn)金。
2023年CFA一級、二級以及三級考綱也已經(jīng)公布。CFA一級、二級大綱有變,三級無變化。
1、考綱無變化的科目:
權(quán)益、定量分析、固定收益、職業(yè)倫理、財務(wù)報表分析
2、一級考綱變化科目
1)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué):新增地緣政治相關(guān)(Geopolitics)相關(guān)內(nèi)容的module;
2)衍生品:考綱內(nèi)容順序調(diào)整,部分二級考試的內(nèi)容被移動到一級(Swap合約)中;
3)另類投資:把原本的1個reading拆分成了2個module,結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行部分調(diào)整,要求會比原來的相對更高;
4)公司金融:
新增2個module:Corporate Structures and Ownership Business Models Risks
修改了2個module:Capital Investments Working Capital Liquidity
5)投資組合管理
在兩個module中各新增了一個案例:Portfolio Risk and Rewards:Part 1&Fintech in investment management。
1、考綱未變化的科目:
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、衍生品、固定收益、投資組合管理
2、二級考綱變化科目
1)另類投資:內(nèi)容無實(shí)質(zhì)變化,Real Estate Investments(房地產(chǎn)投資)原章節(jié)被拆分為三個模塊;
2)職業(yè)倫理:Application of the Code and Standards:Levell(道德準(zhǔn)則的應(yīng)用)章節(jié)的首個case新增Q2內(nèi)容;
3)公司金融-變化最大
-Capital Structure章節(jié)刪除;
-Capital Budgeting章節(jié)刪除,內(nèi)容精簡放到了一級考試中;
-Cost of Capital:Advanced Topics新增了股票和債券回報率的估算相關(guān)內(nèi)容;
-Mergers and Acquisitions(兼并收購)章節(jié)的名稱更改為Corporate Restructuring(企業(yè)重組),章節(jié)部分內(nèi)容也重寫了。
4)定量分析
二級考試中完全刪除一元線性回歸內(nèi)容,且這部分內(nèi)容移至一級板塊;
多元回歸部分進(jìn)行了四塊內(nèi)容拆分。
5)權(quán)益
Return Concepts(收益概念)章節(jié)被刪掉,部分內(nèi)容移至公金的資本成本(Cost of Capital:Advanced Topics)章節(jié)中;
Industry and Company Analysis(公司和行業(yè)分析)部分內(nèi)容移至財報的財務(wù)報表建模(Financial Statement Modeling)章節(jié)中。
6)財務(wù)報表分析
權(quán)益Industry and Company Analysis(行業(yè)和公司分析)部分內(nèi)容移至財報的最后一個Module,Module更名為財務(wù)報表建模(Financial Statement Modeling)。
2024年11月cfa考試難度如何,難嗎?今天學(xué)姐就來詳細(xì)的為大家進(jìn)行解答,還不知道的小伙伴趕緊看過來~
1、2024年11月CFA二級考綱有變化嗎?
有的。具體有哪些變化如下:
2024年二級各科目的考試權(quán)重沒有發(fā)生改變。
重點(diǎn)科目依舊是道德、財務(wù)報表分析、權(quán)益、固定收益和投資組合管理這五大科目。
CFA考綱中財務(wù)報表分析、權(quán)益以及另類投資的變動幅度相對較大;組合刪除了一個章節(jié);其余科目沒有實(shí)質(zhì)性的大幅變動。
由于CFA二級考試的難度顯著高于一級,計算量也較大,建議各位考生預(yù)留半年的有效復(fù)習(xí)時間。
CFA-數(shù)量
CFA二級數(shù)量分析科目和23年原版書對比,知識的框架沒有變化,部分知識點(diǎn)如邏輯回歸分析的表述有一定的豐富與清晰化。
課后題對應(yīng)更新了三道習(xí)題,其余知識點(diǎn)沒有變化,考生在復(fù)習(xí)的過程中通過閱讀原版書可以更深刻的理解知識點(diǎn)的應(yīng)用。
CFA-財報
CFA二級財報在2024年原版書中,共7個章節(jié),其中一個章節(jié)(Employee Compensation:Post-Employment and Share-Based)整體發(fā)生了變化,以往考綱更偏向于如何對DB Plan的養(yǎng)老金做賬問題的探討,2024年考綱更偏向于share-based compensation的做賬處理,整章進(jìn)行了改寫。
本章節(jié)改寫之后概述了基于股份的薪酬和離職后福利的財務(wù)報告,分析相關(guān)披露的方法,以及財務(wù)報表建模和估值考慮因素,同時也會討論國際會計準(zhǔn)則和美國會計準(zhǔn)則的不同。
CFA-公司金融
CFA二級公司金融科目和23年原版書對比,基本沒有什么變化。
在2023年原版書中,F(xiàn)inancial Statement Modeling本應(yīng)放在財報科目中,但是原版書卻將其錯放在公司金融科目,而在2024的教材中,該章節(jié)也已被移至財務(wù)報表分析科目,而其他章節(jié)知識點(diǎn)框架沒有發(fā)生改變。
CFA-權(quán)益
CFA二級權(quán)益部分結(jié)構(gòu)和23年保持一致,都是6章內(nèi)容。前5章內(nèi)容沒有發(fā)生任何變化,但是第6章Private Company Valuation部分卻進(jìn)行了全面的改寫??季V部分發(fā)生實(shí)質(zhì)變化的有:
1、compare public and private company valuation改成了contrast important public and private company features for valuation purposes
2、describe the asset-based approach to private company valuation這條考綱被刪除
本章進(jìn)行了較大范圍的重寫,新增了public和private company特點(diǎn)的對比,Private Company Valuation Areas of Focus等。
即使是相同的內(nèi)容,也重新撰寫排布,增加了更多的圖表來更形象的說明問題,并修改了文中的案例和例題,課后題也全部進(jìn)行了更新。
CFA-另類
2024年二級另類科目刪除了原來的第2章:Investments in Real Estate through Private Vehicles以及第四章:Private Equity Investments。
此外新增了一個章節(jié):Hedge Fund Strategies,該章節(jié)是從三級教材中挪來的,講述了各大對沖基金策略的概念、特點(diǎn)和應(yīng)用,對于從未接觸過對沖基金的考生而言會有點(diǎn)陌生,因此大家需要好好掌握這門科目。
除此之外,在Overview of Types of Real Estate Investment一章中,對REIT的結(jié)構(gòu)做了更清晰的說明,其他一些段落有部分用詞和語句發(fā)生變化,但章節(jié)總體改動幅度不大。
CFA-組合
CFA二級組合整體變化不大,主要是將最后一個module“Trading Costs and Electronic Markets”給刪掉了,該章節(jié)將會在三級進(jìn)行更為詳細(xì)的學(xué)習(xí)。
其他module和2023年原版書相比,基本一致。所以這一科目可以說是給考生減負(fù)了,由原來的7個module變成了6個module。
2、2024年11月CFA三級變化
在CFA三級考試中,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、衍生品、另類投資這三門科目的占比都是5%-10%;權(quán)益以及道德科目占比各為10%-15%;固定收益科目為15%-20%。
組合管理科目占比35%-40%,而這門科目被拆分成許多小科目,其中,資產(chǎn)配置交易業(yè)績評估投資經(jīng)理選擇=10%-20%,行為金融學(xué)個人財富管理機(jī)構(gòu)財富管理=15%-25%。
What do you want to achieve or avoid?The answers to this question are objectives.How will you go about achieving your desire results?The answer to this you can call strategy.
Managing changing market conditions is never easy,but turmoil also presents unique opportunities to acquire previously unobtainable targets.However,acquirers must understand today’s credit limitations,new competition and investment legislation,increasing shareholder activism,and merger and acquisition(M&A)litigation issues.
The downturn may present many acquisition opportunities,but which fit best with your long-term business strategy?Leading strategic planners will describe how to develop an effective investment strategy,identify potential targets,and efficiently evaluate opportunities.Through this training you will explore how to identify and assess strategic targets,evaluate investment opportunities,navigate today’s deal hurdles,and successfully integrate an acquired business to deliver real results and real value.
Ensuring the realization of the M&A purpose
Deeply analysis on the hottest topics of M&A
Understanding the obstacles of Chinese corporations to do the strategic merge&acquisition
Learning the laws and regulations involving in the merge&acquisition activities
Controlling the risks when formulating a merge&acquisition strategy
Developing M&A deal negotiation skills
Gaining knowledge of target sourcing and driving success in the down market
Advancing in evaluation models and methods
Improving assessment of risk
Obtaining strategies of finance in M&A
CEO,VP,Director,GM,Head and Manager of
Strategic Planning、Finance
Corporate/Business Development
M&A/Legal
Corporate development strategy vs. M&A strategy
- Stable development strategy
- Defense strategy
- M&A categories
- Transaction valuation
- M&A Financing methods
- Case studies
Ensuring the new business conforms to company's objectives
- Differentiating Transaction Success & Deal Success
- Understanding the main factors for value creation
- Reorganizing, reconstructing and adjusting the business system
- Recommendation for PMI (Post Merger Integration) strategy
Strategic M&A and corporate core competitiveness
- What is the corporate core competitiveness
- Foster and enhance the core competitiveness of the strategic thinking
- Why should we enhance the core competitiveness
- Lacking of the core competitiveness
- Cultivating the core competitiveness through corporate M&A
- Two methods of obtaining the core competitiveness
- Core competitiveness has been the sourcing power of merge activities
Analyzing the key considerations before entering into cross border M&A
- Defining key factors that play a significant role in M&A flows
- Managing multi- jurisdiction due diligence
- Knowledge of geographic and industrial sectors have proven most attractive and the places future opportunities lie
- Understanding cultural considerations in cross border deals
Decision making process of strategic M&A
- Characteristics of strategic M&A
- M&A decision making process
- Opportunity analysis stage
- Preliminary analysis stage
- Detailed analysis stage
- Evaluation and decision making stage
- Target selecting
Understanding the differences between business valuation on local and international M&A transactions and negotiating the best deal
- What are the differences of business valuation when merging or acquiring local companies and international companies?
- Similar area, finance, legal, IP, HR, etc, but with different areas of concerns
- Difference in accounting, legal/IP, labor issues
- Key considerations in evaluating a target company
- Acquirer's business strategy vs. target business
- Products & marketing
- Identify synergy & improvement
- Management team
- Middle management
- Corporate Culture
- Optimizing a valuation----How to reach common understanding of the business valuation and transaction price on both sides of the fence?
- Communication
- Cultural factors
- Trust
- Control misunderstanding and misleading information
- Case studies-Lessons learned
Examining the synergies after strategic M&A-Case study from listed companies
- Management synergy
- Operating synergy
- Diversification synergy
- Financial and tax synergy
- Intangible assets synergy
Case Study-Advancing the negotiation and closing the deal
- Negotiating tactics: How to position your company from the opening offer to final agreement
- Using due diligence to enhance your advantages
- Understanding the strengths and the weaknesses in the other side's position
- Identifying the key value drivers
Management Buyout
- The development of MBO
- The purpose of MBO
- The financing method of MBO
- The pricing strategy of MBO
- Case study
想了解最新詳細(xì)課程大綱及資料,點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)頁左側(cè)的在線咨詢圖標(biāo),與在線老師交流咨詢領(lǐng)取。
現(xiàn)金支票只能在允許使用現(xiàn)金的范圍內(nèi)使用,并應(yīng)寫明款項(xiàng)用途,接受銀行的監(jiān)督,那么現(xiàn)金支票收款人是否可以寫公司法人名字?
現(xiàn)金支票收款人能否寫公司法人名字
一般情況下,現(xiàn)金支票的收款人一般是不能寫公司法人的。雖然在這方面我國法律目前還沒有相關(guān)規(guī)定,但是各個銀行都有自己的銀行規(guī)定現(xiàn)金支票的收款人一般只能寫公司單位名稱而不能直接寫法人名字。
這樣做主要是為了減少銀行自身的經(jīng)營風(fēng)險,一般銀行都會有類似的內(nèi)部操作指引。而且類似的規(guī)定雖然在法律上沒有明確的規(guī)定,但人民銀行以及銀監(jiān)會都會以指引或通知的方式將此類規(guī)定存告知到各個銀行。目前銀行之所以有現(xiàn)金支票收款人不可以寫法人名稱的原因主要是為了防范公司法人存在違法的不軌提現(xiàn)行為。因?yàn)樵诂F(xiàn)金支票提現(xiàn)后法人用所提現(xiàn)的金額做任何事情都是很難查詢到的,所以銀行為了規(guī)避此類風(fēng)險都會規(guī)定現(xiàn)金支票只能寫公司名稱。
但倘若是轉(zhuǎn)賬支票則可以,因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)賬支票是只能用于轉(zhuǎn)賬不能用于提取現(xiàn)金。所以每一筆轉(zhuǎn)賬監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)都是可以通過銀行的系統(tǒng)追查到資金的流向的。
如果出現(xiàn)法人必須提取現(xiàn)金的情況,那么最簡單的處理方式就是由企業(yè)開出現(xiàn)金支票背書給企業(yè)本身,也就是說企業(yè)開出現(xiàn)金支票在收款人處寫企業(yè)本身,然后支票用途寫差旅費(fèi)或備用金等等均可。這樣法人就可以拿著現(xiàn)金支票去銀行進(jìn)行提現(xiàn),提現(xiàn)時需攜帶自己的身份證和復(fù)印件以及背面的收款人處加蓋了公司此前在銀行預(yù)留印章的現(xiàn)金支票。身份證處填寫法人身份證即可。但需注意的是這種支票如果是別人拿著自己的身份證去提現(xiàn)也是同樣可以提取現(xiàn)金的,所以這類支票一定要小心保管,以防丟失。
23年5月cfa考試時間安排:
CFA一級考試時間:2023年5月16日-2023年5月22日
CFA二級考試時間:2023年5月23日-2023年5月27日
23年5月cfa考綱有細(xì)微變化,還在備考的同學(xué)們可以對比參考一下cfa考綱變化詳情。
2023年CFA一級考綱變化
1、考綱無變化的科目:
權(quán)益、定量分析、固定收益、職業(yè)倫理、財務(wù)報表分析
2、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué):新增地緣政治相關(guān)(Geopolitics)相關(guān)內(nèi)容的module;
3、衍生品:考綱內(nèi)容順序調(diào)整,部分二級考試的內(nèi)容被移動到一級(Swap合約)中;
4、另類投資:把原本的1個reading拆分成了2個module,結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行部分調(diào)整,要求會比原來的相對更高;
5、公司金融:
新增2個module:Corporate Structures and Ownership Business Models Risks
修改了2個module:Capital Investments Working Capital Liquidity
6、投資組合管理
在兩個module中各新增了一個案例:Portfolio Risk and Rewards:Part 1&Fintech in investment management。
2023年CFA二級考綱變化
1、考綱未變化的科目:
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、衍生品、固定收益、投資組合管理
2、考綱變化的科目:
定量分析、公司金融、權(quán)益、財務(wù)報表分析、另類投資、職業(yè)倫理
3、二級考綱變化解讀:
1)另類投資:內(nèi)容無實(shí)質(zhì)變化,Real Estate Investments(房地產(chǎn)投資)原章節(jié)被拆分為三個模塊;
2)職業(yè)倫理:Application of the Code and Standards:Levell(道德準(zhǔn)則的應(yīng)用)章節(jié)的首個case新增Q2內(nèi)容;
3)公司金融-變化最大
-Capital Structure章節(jié)刪除;
-Capital Budgeting章節(jié)刪除,內(nèi)容精簡放到了一級考試中;
-Cost of Capital:Advanced Topics新增了股票和債券回報率的估算相關(guān)內(nèi)容;
-Mergers and Acquisitions(兼并收購)章節(jié)的名稱更改為Corporate Restructuring(企業(yè)重組),章節(jié)部分內(nèi)容也重寫了。
4)定量分析
二級考試中完全刪除一元線性回歸內(nèi)容,且這部分內(nèi)容移至一級板塊;
多元回歸部分進(jìn)行了四塊內(nèi)容拆分。
5)權(quán)益
Return Concepts(收益概念)章節(jié)被刪掉,部分內(nèi)容移至公金的資本成本(Cost of Capital:Advanced Topics)章節(jié)中;
Industry and Company Analysis(公司和行業(yè)分析)部分內(nèi)容移至財報的財務(wù)報表建模(Financial Statement Modeling)章節(jié)中。
6)財務(wù)報表分析
權(quán)益Industry and Company Analysis(行業(yè)和公司分析)部分內(nèi)容移至財報的最后一個Module,Module更名為財務(wù)報表建模(Financial Statement Modeling)。
2023年5月cfa考場時間安排
cfa機(jī)考考試具體考試時間安排:早上7時45分提出安檢進(jìn)場,8時開始進(jìn)場,8時30分關(guān)閉考場,CFA注冊考生在8時40分后未經(jīng)允許不得離場。
下午1:00開始入場,1:30考場關(guān)閉,14:00正式考試考試。
China’s rise as the most important global M&A market and the almost dramatic increase of Chinese outbound M&A activities signals a sea change of opportunities and pitfalls.As witnessed by the landmark deal between Lenovo and computer giant IBM in 2005,M&A transactions are expected to gather pace as China prepares itself to become an economic superpower.While the central government has somewhat revamped opaque regulations,Mergers&Acquisitions in China:Law and Practice lends much needed clarity by providing a structured introduction to the legal aspects of China’s M&A regime.
The downturn may present many acquisition opportunities,but which fit best with your long-term business strategy?Leading strategic planners will describe how to develop an effective investment strategy,identify potential targets,and efficiently evaluate opportunities.Through this training you will explore how to identify and assess strategic targets,evaluate investment opportunities,navigate today’s deal hurdles,and successfully integrate an acquired business to deliver real results and real value.
Ensuring the realization of the M&A purpose
Deeply analysis on the hottest topics of M&A
Understanding the obstacles of Chinese corporations to do the strategic merge&acquisition
Learning the laws and regulations involving in the merge&acquisition activities
Controlling the risks when formulating a merge&acquisition strategy
Developing M&A deal negotiation skills
Gaining knowledge of target sourcing and driving success in the down market
Advancing in evaluation models and methods
Improving assessment of risk
Obtaining strategies of finance in M&A
CEO,VP,Director,GM,Head and Manager of
Strategic Planning、Finance
Corporate/Business Development
M&A/Legal
Corporate development strategy vs.M&A strategy
Stable development strategy
Defense strategy
M&A categories
Transaction valuation
M&A Financing methods
Case studies
Ensuring the new business conforms to company's objectives
Differentiating Transaction Success&Deal Success
Understanding the main factors for value creation
Reorganizing,reconstructing and adjusting the business system
Recommendation for PMI(Post Merger Integration)strategy
Strategic M&A and corporate core competitiveness
What is the corporate core competitiveness
Foster and enhance the core competitiveness of the strategic thinking
Why should we enhance the core competitiveness
Lacking of the core competitiveness
Cultivating the core competitiveness through corporate M&A
Two methods of obtaining the core competitiveness
Core competitiveness has been the sourcing power of merge activities
Analyzing the key considerations before entering into cross border M&A
Defining key factors that play a significant role in M&A flows
Managing multi-jurisdiction due diligence
Knowledge of geographic and industrial sectors have proven most attractive and the places future opportunities lie
Understanding cultural considerations in cross border deals
Decision making process of strategic M&A
Characteristics of strategic M&A
M&A decision making process
Opportunity analysis stage
Preliminary analysis stage
Detailed analysis stage
Evaluation and decision making stage
Target selecting
Understanding the differences between business valuation on local and international M&A transactions and negotiating the best deal
What are the differences of business valuation when merging or acquiring local companies and international companies?
Similar area,finance,legal,IP,HR,etc,but with different areas of concerns
Difference in accounting,legal/IP,labor issues
Key considerations in evaluating a target company
Acquirer's business strategy vs.target business
Products&marketing
Identify synergy&improvement
Management team
Middle management
Corporate Culture
Optimizing a valuation----How to reach common understanding of the business valuation and transaction price on both sides of the fence?
Communication
Cultural factors
Trust
Control misunderstanding and misleading information
Case studies-Lessons learned
Examining the synergies after strategic M&A-Case study from listed companies
Management synergy
Operating synergy
Diversification synergy
Financial and tax synergy
Intangible assets synergy
Case Study-Advancing the negotiation and closing the deal
Negotiating tactics:How to position your company from the opening offer to final agreement
Using due diligence to enhance your advantages
Understanding the strengths and the weaknesses in the other side's position
Identifying the key value drivers
Management Buyout
The development of MBO
The purpose of MBO
The financing method of MBO
The pricing strategy of MBO
Case study
想了解最新詳細(xì)課程大綱及資料,點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)頁左側(cè)的在線咨詢圖標(biāo),與在線老師交流咨詢領(lǐng)取。