ACCA考試一共有15門(mén)科目,其中有一門(mén)為Management Accounting(MA),即《管理會(huì)計(jì)》,今天來(lái)解析一下該門(mén)科目里的吸收成本法和邊際成本法兩者的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系。
利潤(rùn)計(jì)算方法
?、貱OS:按銷(xiāo)量計(jì)算,賣(mài)掉多少減多少。
吸收成本法下計(jì)入產(chǎn)品成本的只有total production cost(fixed production overhead&variable production overhead),當(dāng)期銷(xiāo)售出去的存貨成本結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)到利潤(rùn)表,即total production cost of sales;
邊際成本法下計(jì)入產(chǎn)品成本的只有total variable cost(variable production overhead&variable non-production overhead),當(dāng)期銷(xiāo)售出去的存貨成本結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)到利潤(rùn)表,即total variable cost of sales。
②Under/over absorption:吸收成本法特有的,邊際成本法不存在OAR和Under/over absorption。
涉及的計(jì)算公式:
Under/over absorption=Actual overhead-Absorbed overhead
Absorbed overhead=OAR*Actual activity level
OAR=Budget production overhead/Budget activity level
?、跾ales-COS:
吸收成本法下的主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)收入-主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)成本叫做Gross profit毛利潤(rùn);
邊際成本法下的主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)收入-主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)成本叫做Contribution貢獻(xiàn)。
④Period cost:當(dāng)期發(fā)生多少減多少。
吸收成本法下包含total non-production cost;
邊際成本法下包含total fixed cost
?、軻aluation of closing inventory:Absorption costing>Marginal costing。
吸收成本法存貨計(jì)價(jià):Direct material+Direct labour+Variable production overhead+Fixedproduction overhead;
邊際成本法存貨計(jì)價(jià):Direct material+Direct labour+Variable production overhead;
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)成本法中的差異
?、貱ost variance---fixed production overhead variance
Absorption costing:
A.fixed production overhead total variance=under/over absorbed overhead
B.fixed production overhead expenditure variance=budgeted overhead-actual overhead
C.fixed production overhead volume variance=budgeted units*OAR-actual units*OAR
D.fixed production overhead volume efficiency variance=(budgeted hours at actual output-actual hours)*standard production overhead per hour
E.fixed production overhead variance=(budgeted hours-actual hours)*standard production overhead per hour
Marginal costing:(因?yàn)镸C法下不存在OAR,所以對(duì)于fixed production overhead variance只有expenditure variance)
fixed production overhead expenditure variance=budgeted overhead-actual overhead
②Sales variance---sales volume variance
Absorption costing:sales volume profit variance=(budgeted units-actual units)*standardprofit per units
Marginal costing:sales volume profit variance=(budgeted units-actual units)*standardcontribution per units
?、跲perating statement
03聯(lián)系
利潤(rùn)差公式:MC+OAR*(closing inventory-opening inventory)=AC
注:1.此公式的利潤(rùn)指兩種成本核算方法下的凈利潤(rùn),不是contribution和gross profit的比較;
2.Closing inventory-Opening inventory=Production units-Sales units
3.此公式可以用于求OAR=(AC-MC)/(closing inventory-opening inventory)
以上便是吸收成本法(Absorption costing)和邊際成本法(Marginal costing)之間的主要差異和聯(lián)系了,你記住了嗎?