在ACCA考試里,各科目的試卷題目信息量是非常大的,面對著各種文字,各種報表,有些考生根本就不知道該從什么點開始寫,對此,會計網(wǎng)針對FM科目,為大家詳解答題時的一些小技巧,希望有所幫助。
答題技巧
1) 拿到一個近一頁半A4紙的案例分析,同學們可以先花2秒冷靜一下,平復心情。
然后細心先把問題(案例分析最后的問題)一個單詞一個單詞的讀完。注意看問題中的動詞,比如calculate,discuss,evaluate等等。如果是后兩者,這表明題目的大部分分數(shù)是在文字討論上而非計算。
例如:Jungle Co的題目“Discuss the financial and non-financial performance of Jungle Co for the year ending 31 August 20X6. ” 考察重點在“討論”而非“計算”,所以計算只有7分,文字討論13分。
2) 一定要讀完全部案例,聯(lián)系案例中所給的全部信息為自己做一個答題計劃。
答題計劃
I. 找到你想要計算的數(shù)據(jù),比如:sales,profit,profit margins等等,用高光筆在題目中標記出來。
II. 找到你要用來做比較的標準,比如:當前的數(shù)據(jù)是與前一個時期比較?與目標進行比較?與行業(yè)平均值進行比較?與競爭對手比較?等等
III. 計算差異或變化,比如:投訴率從6%增加到12%,在陳述發(fā)生的變化時不應該說投訴率增加了6%,而是應該說投訴率比上一期增加了100%。要突出的是一個相對的變化,而非絕對數(shù)值。同樣地,如果收入從$1million變?yōu)?2million,應該陳述的變化是百分比的形式,增長了100%。
IV. 基于計算結果給出自己的意見:為什么會發(fā)生這樣的變化?給出可能的原因。這里的“可能的原因”是要聯(lián)系案例分析的,如果不能聯(lián)系案例信息而憑空捏造是不會得分的。比如,Jungle Co 在household revenue上出現(xiàn)了5.3%的下滑,這有可能是因為從Slabak進口的產(chǎn)品質量不良導致的。這些都是案例分析已經(jīng)給的現(xiàn)成答案。
每個數(shù)據(jù)的分析都要重復II,III,IV步驟,直到你把你想分析的數(shù)據(jù)都做完。
V. 文章的最后別忘了寫一個兩句話的總結,總結就是直接回答問題,不需要再計算,直接回答這個公司到底是做好了還是沒做好。
英文該如何表述
同學們可以先看看Jungle Co這道題的官方答案
(https://www.accaglobal.com/content/dam/acca/global/PDF-students/acca/f5/exampapers/f5-2016-sep-a.pdf.pdf)
要寫成參考答案這樣子,是不可能的,至少對于99.9%的PM中國考生來說,是不可能的,排除極少數(shù)考ACCA的雅思9分大神。ACCA官方也沒有期盼大家寫成標準答案的樣子。以下這份Jungle Co的答案是官方technical article中所說的“good answer”. 大家可以先看看:
計算:
討論:
15% increase in total revenue
This is a good sign. It shows that Jungle Co is selling more units because 'prices are stable', and/or the new cloud service is expanding. But, we need a breakdown of revenue to understand this (see below).
32.7% increase in net margin
This is excellent sign. It’s linked to the lower cost of sales from Slabak imports and the launch of cloud computing, which is probably a higher-margin product (for example, no distribution costs for IT services).
60.5% increase in admin expenses
This is a problem because admin costs are usually fixed. This is linked to the big increase in customer service costs, which, in turn, is probably related to the lower quality of the new supplier which is causing more complaints (see below).
5.3% drop in household goods revenue
This is a worrying sign – it could be linked to the possible drop in quality from the Slabak imports.
28.3% change in electronic goods revenue
This is another positive signal. It shows that Jungle is outperforming the average market growth of 20%, which means they are gaining market share.
225% increase in late deliveries
This is a major problem. It‘s linked to the move to in-house logistics. Clearly Jungle Co can’t match the quality of the external, international suppliers. Jungle Co needs to address this as it threatens future growth of the business.
300% increase in % of customers who complain
This is another major problem. It’s linked to both the outsourcing of production to Slabak, and the move to in-house logistics (mentioned above). Clearly Jungle Co has serious internal process problems that will negatively affect their reputation.
Overall
We see mostly good news from the financial indicators: sales, margins, and profits are generally increasing. However, the non-financial information paints a different picture as we see serious problems emerging with Jungle Co’s quality and logistics. Jungle Co needs to address these issues if they want their financial success to continue in the long term.
我們首先來看看關于數(shù)據(jù)變化的分析是怎么寫的。每一個數(shù)據(jù)改變都用一個自然段來寫,這樣會很清晰,容易拿分。首先,用你計算出來的改變量作為標題,比如“15% increase in total revenue”。其次,給出你的意見,這個改變是好是壞?,比如“This is a good sign”,這個觀點本身是不得分的,一定要解釋原因,比如“It shows that Jungle Co is selling more units because 'prices are stable', and/or the new cloud service is expanding. But, we need a breakdown of revenue to understand this (see below).” 圖解如下:
如果想拿滿分,題目中出現(xiàn)的所有數(shù)據(jù)都應該全部計算變化差異,然后每一個都分析作答,但PM考試時間很緊張,大部分同學時間都不夠用,很多同學也是抱著“求過”的心態(tài)在考試,所以,應該有選擇地挑一些數(shù)據(jù)作答。
數(shù)據(jù)應該怎么挑呢?大致應該遵循以下原則:
1. 看calculation的分值,比如,Jungle Co計算7分,那就挑7個數(shù)據(jù),正如”good answer”也只用了7個數(shù)據(jù)。
2. 7個數(shù)據(jù)應該來自不同的績效評估領域,比如:財務/非財務,生產(chǎn)成本/管理成本。如果有N種產(chǎn)品的收入成本數(shù)據(jù)細分,應該每種產(chǎn)品挑一兩個數(shù)據(jù)。例如,“good answer”中挑選的7個指標都是分布在以上各個領域當中的。因為考試評分是按照各個評估的領域來給分的,比如“一個領域最高4分”,所以,這種方式可以幫助“求過”的同學盡可能多拿分數(shù)。對于大神級別的同學,請逐個數(shù)據(jù)一一作答,畢竟,你背負著老師和同學的希望。
對于文章最后的conclusion,同學們可用兩句話總結之前計算的數(shù)據(jù), 如“good answer”中的 “overall,…”。
最后再說一些考試的評分標準,ACCA考試適用“own figure rule”,也就是說,如果你某一步的計算錯誤是由于之前的數(shù)據(jù)算錯了導致的,這一步不會扣分,只會扣最開始算出錯那一步的分,所以,寶寶們不要浪費時間在檢查數(shù)據(jù)上,即便你覺得自己算錯了,就用錯的數(shù)據(jù)進行討論吧,我相信大多數(shù)人考試時間是很緊張的。
來源:ACCA學習幫